Global energy demand increased by 1.3% year on year (YoY) in 2025 to 15.7 billion tonnes of oil equivalent (btoe), while fossil fuels continued to account for 80% of the global energy mix despite the expansion of renewable energy, according to Italian energy company Eni’s World Energy Review 2026, published on November 2.

The report, based on 2025 data, showed that oil, natural gas and coal remained central to global energy supply, although their combined share of primary energy demand declined by 3 percentage points between 2015 and 2025, from 83% to 80%.

Global oil production rose by 3.1% YoY in 2025 to 100.4 million barrels per day (mmbbl/d), while consumption increased by 0.8% YoY to 104.3 mmbbl/d. Global oil reserves edged up by 0.4% from the end of 2024 to 1,792 billion barrels at the end of 2025.

Natural gas production grew by 0.9% YoY in 2025 to 4,168 billion cubic metres (bcm), while consumption rose by 1.2% YoY to 4,166 bcm. Meanwhile, global liquefied natural gas (LNG) liquefaction capacity increased by 6.3% YoY to 698 bcm, while regasification capacity expanded by 3.9% YoY to 1,593 bcm.

Renewable energy continued to expand in the power sector. Global installed power capacity increased by 7.3% YoY in 2025 to 10.3 terawatts (TW), with solar and wind accounting for a growing share of the total. Variable renewables represented 36% of installed capacity in 2025, up from 10% in 2015, an increase of 26 percentage points over the decade.

However, their contribution to electricity generation remained smaller than their share of installed capacity. Global electricity generation rose by 3.2% YoY in 2025 to 32,200 terawatt-hours (TWh), with fossil fuels accounting for 58% of output, down from 66% in 2015. Solar and wind together supplied 17% of global electricity generation in 2025.

Eni said the variability of wind and solar power continued to require support from conventional energy sources to ensure reliable electricity supplies as demand increased.

The report highlighted the need to integrate different energy sources and technologies to maintain the resilience of power systems.

Global energy-related carbon dioxide emissions, including industrial process emissions, rose by 0.4% YoY in 2025 to a record 38.2 billion tonnes. Coal remained the largest source of global emissions.